{"publisher":{"name":"MediaBias News","url":"https://mediabias.news","methodology":"https://mediabias.news/methodology","editorialPrinciples":"https://mediabias.news/editorial-principles","corrections":"https://mediabias.news/corrections"},"scoreGuide":{"trust":"How well corroborated and evidenced the source reporting is. 0-100, higher is better.","critic":"Craft quality of the source journalism: context, balance, fact vs comment. 0-100, higher is better.","hype":"How far the source presentation runs ahead of substance. 0-100, LOWER IS BETTER.","scope":"Scores assess the original reporting this article was written from, not the truth of the underlying event and not the quality of this write-up."},"assessmentGuide":{"type":"coverage-and-source-reporting-analysis","factCheck":{"status":"not-performed","note":"Media Bias News compares coverage and scores the source reporting. It does not currently publish a ClaimReview verdict on whether the underlying event or claim is true."},"sourceFactuality":{"note":"Factuality values describe published ratings of the outlets that covered the story. They are not a factuality verdict on this story or its claims."}},"story":{"id":"https://mediabias.news/business/iran-uses-barter-system-to-buy-chinese-goods-bypassing-sanctions","slug":"iran-uses-barter-system-to-buy-chinese-goods-bypassing-sanctions","url":"https://mediabias.news/business/iran-uses-barter-system-to-buy-chinese-goods-bypassing-sanctions","title":"Iran uses barter system to buy Chinese goods, bypassing sanctions","subtitle":"Tehran converts oil revenues into credits to purchase items from China, avoiding international banking.","excerpt":"Iran has established a barter-like mechanism to circumvent US sanctions on its oil exports, allowing it to convert oil revenues into credits for purchasing goods from China. This system bypasses international banking transfers and has facilitated the import of various items, including military equipment.","category":"Business & Economy","area":"Middle East","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T13:05:15.273Z","sourceReportedAt":"2026-09-10T12:14:10.856Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-10T13:05:15.273Z","readTime":"4 min read","scores":{"trust":60,"critic":65,"hype":45,"notes":{"trust":"Central claims attributed to Reuters and named sources, with some details on financial mechanisms.","critic":"Reporting is largely based on a single Reuters investigation, with limited independent verification.","hype":"Headlines use strong verbs like 'evade' and 'dodge' but the body provides detailed explanations."}},"tags":["#IranChinaTrade","#Sanctions","#OilExports","#BarterSystem","#MiddleEastEconomy"],"entities":["Iran","China","United States","ChuXin","SPV"],"body":[{"type":"key_takeaways","items":["Iran is using a barter-like system to exchange oil for goods from China, circumventing US sanctions.","Oil revenues are converted into credits, enabling purchases of items like medicines, vehicles, and air-defence equipment.","The arrangement involves a China-based entity called ChuXin and a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV).","China accounted for over 80% of Iran's oil shipments in 2025, averaging 1.4 million barrels per day."]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Iran has implemented a barter-like mechanism to bypass US sanctions on its oil exports and acquire goods from China. This system converts oil revenues into credits, which are then used to pay Chinese suppliers, thereby avoiding direct international banking transfers. The arrangement has facilitated the purchase of various goods, including medicines, vehicles, communications equipment, and air-defence equipment."},{"type":"paragraph","text":"The mechanism reportedly involves a China-based financial entity named ChuXin and a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). This structure is designed to shield Iranian banks and exporters from international scrutiny. China has become Iran's primary oil customer, accounting for more than 80 per cent of its oil shipments in 2025, with imports averaging approximately 1.4 million barrels per day. This significant trade volume underscores the importance of alternative payment mechanisms for Tehran."},{"type":"heading","text":"Disagreement on the value of funds moved"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Sources familiar with the arrangement provided differing estimates for the total funds that have moved through the Special Purpose Vehicle. Some sources indicated that between $2 billion and $2.5 billion had flowed through the SPV over the past year, as reported by India Today. Other reports, such as those from The Straits Times and WTVB, mention a \"billion-dollar sanctions dodge\" without specifying a range."},{"type":"heading","text":"What the coverage left out"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"None of the left-rated or centre-rated digests mention the specific financial entity known as ChuXin or the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) that are described as key components of the arrangement in the right-rated and unrated reports. Additionally, the left-rated digest does not specify the average daily oil shipments from Iran to China in 2025, a detail present in the right-rated India Today report."}],"basedOn":[{"sourceName":"news-pravda.com","url":"https://news-pravda.com/world/2026/09/11/2584460.html","headline":"Chinese Oil in Exchange for Goods: How Iran Conducts Trade While Bypassing Banks","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T18:36:13.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Al-Monitor","url":"https://al-monitor.com/originals/2026/09/us-slaps-new-sanctions-networks-aiding-irans-proxies-middle-east","headline":"US slaps new sanctions on networks aiding Iran's proxies in Middle East","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T16:53:11.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Dnevnik","url":"https://dnevnik.si/novice/svet/nove-sankcije-podpornikom-proiranskih-milic-s-katerimi-zeli-zda-osamiti-teheran-2827020","headline":"New Sanctions on Supporters of Pro-Iranian Militias, with Which the US Wants to Isolate Tehran","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T12:53:00.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Channel News Asia","url":"https://channelnewsasia.com/world/us-sanctions-middle-east-iran-6377111","headline":"US slaps new sanctions on networks aiding Iran's proxies in Middle East","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T07:44:00.000Z"},{"sourceName":"MEO","url":"https://middle-east-online.com/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9","headline":"America Tightens the Choke on Iran's Agents with New Penalties.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T06:57:12.784Z"},{"sourceName":"Iraq news, the latest Iraq news by Iraqi News…","url":"https://iraqinews.com/iraq/us-sanctions-iraqi-figures-including-brothers-of-muhsin-al-mandalawi","headline":"US sanctions Iraqi figures, including brothers of Muhsin al-Mandalawi","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T05:02:33.000Z"},{"sourceName":"大纪元 Epoch Times","url":"https://epochtimes.com/b5/26/9/11/n14847363.htm","headline":"The US Imposes New Sanctions Targeting Iranian Proxy Funding Networks.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T04:45:58.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Augsburger Allgemeine","url":"https://augsburger-allgemeine.de/politik/live-ticker-iran-usa-sanktionieren-helfer-von-proiranischen-milizen-113333077","headline":"USA Sanction Helpers of Pro-Iranian Militias","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T04:33:42.987Z"},{"sourceName":"Actualno.com","url":"https://actualno.com/america/sasht-udariha-syrcevinata-na-proksitata-podkrepjashti-iran-news_2638083.html","headline":"The US Struck at the Heart of the Proxies Supporting Iran","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T03:25:08.226Z"},{"sourceName":"i24NEWS","url":"https://i24news.tv/en/news/middle-east/artc-us-imposes-new-sanctions-on-hezbollah-and-irania-proxy-networks-live-blog","headline":"US imposes new sanctions on Hezbollah and Irania proxy networks","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T03:14:00.000Z"},{"sourceName":"大紀元時報","url":"https://epochtimes.jp/2026/09/385641.html","headline":"China and Iran May Be Evading US Sanctions Through Bartering.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T02:27:39.383Z"},{"sourceName":"Al-Shorouk","url":"https://shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=11092026&id=82d15450-df04-46b9-ac00-65bbf7bfa924","headline":"America Imposes Sanctions on Supporters of Iran-Supported Militias - Al-Sharq Gate","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T02:19:49.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Tribunnews.com","url":"https://tribunnews.com/internasional/7880996/as-jatuhkan-sanksi-baru-terhadap-proksi-iran-kataib-hezbollah-dan-hezbollah-jadi-sasaran","headline":"US Imposes New Sanctions on Iranian Proxies: Kataib Hezbollah and Hezbollah Targeted","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T01:57:05.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Yeshiva World News","url":"https://theyeshivaworld.com/news/israel-news/2596792/sanctions-evasion-iran-and-china-used-secret-barter-system-to-bypass-billions-in-sanctions.html","headline":"SANCTIONS EVASION: Iran And China Used Secret Barter System To Bypass Billions In Sanctions","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T01:40:36.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Anadolu Ajansı","url":"https://aa.com.tr/en/americas/us-issues-new-sanctions-targeting-iran-s-proxies/4053842","headline":"US Issues New Sanctions Targeting Iran's Proxies","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T01:21:09.678Z"},{"sourceName":"Unknown","url":"https://chosun.com/international/international_general/2026/09/11/MY2DGY3EMI2DEYTCGU4DMYLDMU","headline":"U.S. Pressures Iran’s ‘Financial Sources’ with Further Pressure… Sanctions Middle Eastern Companies and Individuals Trading with Proxy Forces","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-11T00:07:47.897Z"},{"sourceName":"Interfax.ru","url":"https://interfax.ru/world/1115400","headline":"The U.S. Has Imposed Sanctions on Organizations and Individuals for Supporting Iran","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T23:27:00.000Z"},{"sourceName":"nafeza2world.com","url":"https://nafeza2world.com/Iqtsad/2777941","headline":"Economy: America Sanctions Networks that Help Iran's Allies in the Middle East.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T23:20:40.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Indian Express","url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/world/news-today-live-updates-us-new-sanctions-iran-middle-east-trump-war-oil-prices-india-hormuz-10872722","headline":"World news today live updates: US slaps new sanctions on networks aiding Iran’s proxies in Middle East","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T23:14:16.000Z"},{"sourceName":"enikos.gr","url":"https://enikos.gr/international/ipa-kyroseis-se-varos-tis-kataib-chezbolach-kai-ton-diktyon-chrimatodotisis-tis/2642239","headline":"US: Sanctions Against Kataib Hezbollah and Its Financing Networks","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T23:00:02.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Arutz Sheva","url":"https://israelnationalnews.com/news/433041","headline":"US sanctions Hezbollah, Iran proxy networks in expanded economic campaign","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T22:57:57.679Z"},{"sourceName":"aljazeera.net","url":"https://aljazeera.net/news/2026/9/11/%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa","headline":"New American Sanctions Against Networks Linked to Iran's Allies.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T22:52:46.000Z"},{"sourceName":"yenicaggazetesi.com","url":"https://yenicaggazetesi.com/abdden-iranin-kuresel-golge-finansman-agina-yaptirim-1070556h.htm","headline":"US Imposes Sanctions on Iran's Global Shadow Financing Network.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T22:47:45.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Halk TV","url":"https://halktv.com.tr/dunya/abd-yeni-iran-yaptirimini-duyurdu-turkiyede-faaliyeti-olan-sirketler-de-var-1054343h","headline":"The US Has Announced New Sanctions Against Iran: Companies Operating in Türkiye Are Also Included.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T22:45:21.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Haberler","url":"https://haberler.com/ekonomi/abd-den-iran-in-kuresel-golge-finansman-agina-20226938-haberi","headline":"US Imposes Sanctions on Iran's Global Shadow Financing Network.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T22:33:13.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Free Malaysia Today News","url":"https://freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2026/09/11/us-slaps-new-sanctions-on-networks-aiding-iran-s-proxies-in-middle-east","headline":"US slaps new sanctions on networks aiding Iran’s proxies in Middle East","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T22:32:00.000Z"},{"sourceName":"infomoney.com.br","url":"https://infomoney.com.br/mundo/eua-ampliam-sancoes-contra-redes-ligadas-ao-ira-e-bracos-do-hezbollah","headline":"U.S. Expand Sanctions Against Iran-Connected Networks and Hezbollah's 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Iraqi Entities on the List.","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T19:26:14.000Z"},{"sourceName":"asriran.com","url":"https://asriran.com/fa/news/1190758/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86","headline":"New US Sanctions Against Iran","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T19:16:38.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Apa","url":"https://apa.az/america/abs-irana-qarsi-sanksiya-siyahisina-14-fiziki-sexs-ve-5-sirketi-elave-edib-995166","headline":"US Adds 14 Individuals and 5 Companies to Iran Sanctions List","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T19:15:45.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Contigo Puebla","url":"https://contigopuebla.mx/2026/76828/el-metodo-financiero-de-iran-que-evade-las-sanciones-de-estados-unidos","headline":"Iran’s Financial Method Evading U.S. Sanctions · Global Voices","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-09-10T19:12:57.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Egyptian 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It noted that Tehran has converted oil revenues into Chinese goods, including millions of dollars' worth of air-defense equipment, while evading international scrutiny. The report framed this as a revelation from an investigation."],"centre":["The centre-rated reports from Jerusalem Post and WTVB focused on Iran dodging sanctions through a barter system to buy billions of dollars of Chinese goods. The Jerusalem Post described the secretive trade mechanism as a financial lifeline for Tehran in recent years. WTVB, in an exclusive report, highlighted how a \"billion-dollar sanctions dodge\" kept Chinese goods flowing to Iran."],"right":["The right-rated reports from India Today, VINnews, Korrespondent.net, Yonhap News Agency, and The Straits Times all led with Iran's use of a secret barter-like system to circumvent US sanctions on its oil exports and purchase Chinese goods. India Today's headline stated, \"How Iran's secret barter trade with China helps evade US sanctions,\" and detailed the mechanism, including the purchase of air-defence equipment. VINnews reported that the system has been operating since at least 2021. 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