{"publisher":{"name":"MediaBias News","url":"https://mediabias.news","methodology":"https://mediabias.news/methodology","editorialPrinciples":"https://mediabias.news/editorial-principles","corrections":"https://mediabias.news/corrections"},"scoreGuide":{"trust":"How well corroborated and evidenced the source reporting is. 0-100, higher is better.","critic":"Craft quality of the source journalism: context, balance, fact vs comment. 0-100, higher is better.","hype":"How far the source presentation runs ahead of substance. 0-100, LOWER IS BETTER.","scope":"Scores assess the original reporting this article was written from, not the truth of the underlying event and not the quality of this write-up."},"assessmentGuide":{"type":"coverage-and-source-reporting-analysis","factCheck":{"status":"not-performed","note":"Media Bias News compares coverage and scores the source reporting. It does not currently publish a ClaimReview verdict on whether the underlying event or claim is true."},"sourceFactuality":{"note":"Factuality values describe published ratings of the outlets that covered the story. They are not a factuality verdict on this story or its claims."}},"story":{"id":"https://mediabias.news/politics/judge-david-s-leibowitz-rules-federal-noncitizen-voting-ban-unconstitutional-in","slug":"judge-david-s-leibowitz-rules-federal-noncitizen-voting-ban-unconstitutional-in","url":"https://mediabias.news/politics/judge-david-s-leibowitz-rules-federal-noncitizen-voting-ban-unconstitutional-in","title":"Judge David S. Leibowitz rules federal non‑citizen voting ban unconstitutional in case of Jamaican national Chelsea Cox","subtitle":"The Miami‑based judge says only states can set voter qualifications and the Justice Department will appeal the decision","excerpt":"U.S. District Judge David S. Leibowitz dismissed a federal case against Jamaican national Chelsea Cox, declaring the law criminalising non‑citizen voting unconstitutional. The ruling applies solely to Cox’s case and the Justice Department announced it will appeal.","category":"Politics","area":"United States","publishedAt":"2026-10-03T03:05:14.542Z","sourceReportedAt":"2026-10-03T02:36:58.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-03T03:05:14.542Z","readTime":"4 min read","scores":{"trust":86,"critic":95,"hype":30,"notes":{"trust":"Trust 86: multiple named sources, statute cited, independent outlets, specific figures, date and location provided.","critic":"Critic 95: explains significance, quotes attorney, separates facts, gives specific data, notes appeal.","hype":"Hype 30: language measured; headlines slightly sensational but body matches content."}},"tags":["#NonCitizenVoting","#JudicialRuling","#JusticeDepartment","#ElectionLaw","#USPolitics"],"entities":["David S. Leibowitz","Chelsea Cox","Justice Department","Donald Trump","U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida"],"body":[{"type":"key_takeaways","items":["Judge David S. Leibowitz ruled the federal statute that criminalises non‑citizen voting unconstitutional.","The decision applies only to the case of Jamaican national Chelsea Cox, charged with voting in the 2020 election.","The Justice Department said it will appeal the ruling.","The judge said the Constitution reserves voter‑qualification power to the states, not Congress."]},{"type":"paragraph","text":"U.S. District Judge David S. Leibowitz, a Biden‑appointed judge in Miami, issued a 31‑page order dismissing the federal criminal case against Chelsea Cox, a Jamaican national who was charged in October 2025 with illegally voting in the 2020 presidential election. The judge held that the decades‑old federal statute 18 U.S.C. § 611, which makes it a misdemeanor for a non‑citizen to vote in a federal election, exceeds Congress’s constitutional authority because the Constitution limits voter‑qualification power to the states."},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Leibowitz wrote that only states may set the qualifications for voters in federal elections and that every state already requires U.S. citizenship to vote. He therefore concluded that the federal law is unconstitutional. The ruling is limited to Cox’s case and does not create binding precedent for other pending challenges."},{"type":"paragraph","text":"Shortly after the order, a Justice Department spokesperson confirmed that the department will appeal the decision. No other federal defendants were affected by the ruling."},{"type":"pullquote","text":"The Constitution does not authorize Congress to legislate voter qualifications for federal elections.","author":"Judge David S. Leibowitz, U.S. District Judge"},{"type":"heading","text":"What the coverage left out"},{"type":"paragraph","text":"None of the right‑rated digests mention the Justice Department’s announced appeal of Judge Leibowitz’s decision."}],"basedOn":[{"sourceName":"news-pravda.com","url":"https://news-pravda.com/usa/2026/10/03/2637506.html","headline":"BREAKING: David Seymour Leibowitz, a Biden-appointed judge in Florida, just ruled that laws criminalizing non-citizen voting in U.S. elections are unconstitutional","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-03T02:36:58.000Z"},{"sourceName":"CBS News","url":"https://cbsnews.com/news/judge-federal-law-banning-noncitizen-voting-unconstitutional","headline":"Judge says federal law banning noncitizen voting is unconstitutional","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T23:05:14.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Breitbart","url":"https://breitbart.com/immigration/2026/10/02/biden-judge-claims-congress-cant-stop-noncitizens-from-voting","headline":"Biden Judge Claims Congress Can’t Stop Noncitizens from Voting","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T21:51:47.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Hot Air","url":"https://hotair.com/tree-hugging-sister/2026/10/02/judge-says-the-law-criminalizing-non-citizen-voting-is-unconstitutional-n3819584","headline":"Judge Says the Law 'Criminalizing Non-Citizen Voting' Is Unconstitutional","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T20:40:51.000Z"},{"sourceName":"🔔 The Liberty Daily","url":"https://thelibertydaily.com/biden-judge-calls-it-constitutional-bedrock-oppose-federal","headline":"Biden Judge Calls It \"Constitutional Bedrock\" to Oppose Federal Ban on Noncitizen Voting","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T17:00:30.000Z"},{"sourceName":"WND","url":"https://wnd.com/2026/10/no-power-judge-claims-its-unconstitutional-congress-ban","headline":"‘No power’: Judge claims it’s unconstitutional for Congress to ban noncitizens from voting * WorldNetDaily * by Fred Lucas, The Daily Signal","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T16:28:13.000Z"},{"sourceName":"New York Post","url":"https://nypost.com/2026/10/02/us-news/judge-says-law-criminalizing-noncitizen-voting-is-unconstitutional-in-blow-to-trump","headline":"US judge rules law criminalizing noncitizen voting is unconstitutional in blow to Trump","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T15:13:37.000Z"},{"sourceName":"The Daily Signal","url":"https://dailysignal.com/2026/10/02/biden-judge-ban-noncitizen-voting","headline":"Biden Judge Calls It ‘Constitutional Bedrock’ to Oppose Federal Ban on Noncitizen Voting","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T14:41:01.000Z"},{"sourceName":"PJ Media","url":"https://pjmedia.com/david-manney/2026/10/02/one-judge-just-put-the-federal-noncitizen-voting-crackdown-in-jeopardy-n4957887","headline":"One Judge Just Put the Federal Noncitizen Voting Crackdown in Jeopardy","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T13:41:00.000Z"},{"sourceName":"electionlawblog.org","url":"https://electionlawblog.org/2026/us-judge-finds-law-criminalizing-noncitizen-voting-unconstitutional","headline":"“US judge finds law criminalizing noncitizen voting unconstitutional” #ELB","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T13:20:07.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Politics, Policy, Political News","url":"https://politicom.com.au/commies-in-the-court-biden-judge-rules-law-that-makes-it-illegal-for-noncitizens-to-vote-is-unconstitutional","headline":"COMMIES IN THE COURT: Biden Judge Rules Law That Makes It Illegal for NONCITIZENS to Vote Is UNCONSTITUTIONAL! - Politics, Policy, Political Views","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T12:35:53.000Z"},{"sourceName":"The Gateway Pundit","url":"https://thegatewaypundit.com/2026/10/commies-court-biden-judge-says-law-that-makes","headline":"COMMIES IN THE COURT: Biden Judge Rules Law That Makes It Illegal for NONCITIZENS to Vote Is UNCONSTITUTIONAL! * The Gateway Pundit * by Jim Hoft","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T12:30:25.000Z"},{"sourceName":"[your]NEWS","url":"https://yournews.com/2026/10/02/7213890/federal-judge-dismisses-noncitizen-voting-charge-rules-federal-ban-unconstitutional","headline":"Federal Judge Dismisses Noncitizen Voting Charge, Rules Federal Ban Unconstitutional as Applied","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T12:03:54.000Z"},{"sourceName":"The Epoch Times","url":"https://theepochtimes.com/us/judge-tosses-charge-against-noncitizen-accused-of-voting-in-federal-election-6098351","headline":"Judge Tosses Charge Against Noncitizen Accused of Voting in Federal Election","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T10:34:25.000Z"},{"sourceName":"Al Jazeera","url":"https://aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/2/miami-judge-rules-federal-noncitizen-voting-law-violates-us-constitution","headline":"Miami judge rules federal noncitizen voting law violates US Constitution","angle":"","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T06:26:48.000Z"},{"sourceName":"regionalmedianews.com","url":"https://regionalmedianews.com/news/national/politics/us-judge-finds-law-criminalizing-noncitizen-voting-unconstitutional","headline":"US judge finds law criminalizing noncitizen voting unconstitutional - 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Al Jazeera’s full report noted that the ruling dealt a setback to President Donald Trump’s administration, which has been pursuing alleged election‑fraud cases. The outlet also mentioned Trump’s false claims that non‑citizen voting cost him the 2020 election and cited Reuters data that most of the 129 people charged since 2021 were lawful permanent residents who voted by mistake. Election Law Blog’s digest echoed the Reuters summary, stressing the blow to the Trump administration’s campaign against alleged fraud. NBC News’s digest quoted the judge’s language that the Constitution does not give Congress authority over voter qualifications. GV Wire’s brief digest described the ruling as historic and framed it as a victory for voting‑rights advocates."],"centre":["The nine centre‑rated outlets focused on the legal reasoning and procedural outcome. 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Breitbart, Hot Air, Liberty Daily, WND, New York Post, Daily Signal, PJ Media, Gateway Pundit, yourNEWS, Epoch Times, regionalmedianews and Washington Times all reported that the judge said Congress cannot ban non‑citizens from voting and that the ruling struck down the federal ban. Several outlets used language such as “commies in the court” or “Biden‑appointed judge” to underscore partisan overtones. 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Voting","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T17:00:30.000Z","leaningSide":"right","leaningRating":"farRight","factualityRating":"low","angle":null,"isOpinion":false,"country":null,"repostedFrom":null},{"name":"Hot Air","url":"https://hotair.com/tree-hugging-sister/2026/10/02/judge-says-the-law-criminalizing-non-citizen-voting-is-unconstitutional-n3819584","headline":"Judge Says the Law 'Criminalizing Non-Citizen Voting' Is Unconstitutional","publishedAt":"2026-10-02T20:40:51.000Z","leaningSide":"right","leaningRating":"right","factualityRating":"mixed","angle":null,"isOpinion":false,"country":"Arlington, Arlington County, Virginia, United States","repostedFrom":null},{"name":"Breitbart","url":"https://breitbart.com/immigration/2026/10/02/biden-judge-claims-congress-cant-stop-noncitizens-from-voting","headline":"Biden Judge Claims Congress Can’t Stop Noncitizens from 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