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Evidence of 25,000-year-old drug use found in Indonesia

Researchers found traces of betel nut consumption in prehistoric human remains, suggesting earlier use of psychoactive substances.

AI-assisted coverage comparison, editor-supervised · How this was made

Published
Fossilised teeth found in Sulawesi appear to have been worn down by sucking betel nut. (Supplied: Fakhri)

What this story says

  • Evidence of habitual drug use has been found in prehistoric human remains in Indonesia.
  • The findings suggest drug use dates back approximately 25,000 years, predating agriculture.
  • The drug use is linked to the consumption of betel nuts.
  • This discovery indicates that humans may have been using psychoactive substances much earlier than previously believed.

Who covered it

Left 27%(21)Centre 40%(32)Right 33%(25)

Percentages are shares of the 78 outlets carrying a published leaning rating. 58 of the 136 outlets we know ran this story carry no rating and are not counted in them. Coverage measured .

Trust

30/100

Craft

50/100

Hype

41/100

136 sources · methodology

Researchers have found evidence of habitual drug use in prehistoric human remains from Indonesia. The findings suggest this drug use dates back approximately 25,000 years, predating the development of agriculture. The consumption is linked to betel nuts, a psychoactive substance.

Coverage comparison

Digests from 28 outlets reported on the discovery of prehistoric drug use in Indonesia. The majority of these reports, 21 in total, were rated as centre-leaning. Nine reports were rated as left-leaning, and nine were rated as right-leaning. Six reports were unrated.

Omissions

None of the left-rated digests mentioned the potential for the drug use to have trapped prehistoric foragers in a 'vicious cycle'. None of the right-rated digests mentioned the potential for the drug use to have trapped prehistoric foragers in a 'vicious cycle'.

Still developing. We have re-checked which outlets are covering this 6 times, most recently on 16 Sept 2026, 14:30, and will add the sides that appear.

How each side covered it

Our own reading of the reporting listed below, written from the outlets’ articles rather than quoted from them. The reasoning is set out on our methodology page.

Left

21 rated outlets

  • Seven left-rated digests focused on the age of the discovery and the nature of the substance used. Several reports highlighted that the use of psychoactive substances dates back 25,000 years, predating agriculture. The substance identified was betel nut. Some digests mentioned the potential for this to be the oldest evidence of regular use of a psychoactive substance. One digest stated that researchers found evidence of drug use 25,000 years ago, and another noted that humans may have been using stimulant substances as far back as 25,000 years, according to a study.

Centre

32 rated outlets

  • Seven centre-rated digests highlighted the age of the discovery and the potential implications for understanding early human behaviour. Many reports noted that the prehistoric remains found on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi indicate that humans began using a mind-altering drug thousands of years earlier than previously believed. Several digests mentioned that the betel nut, a fruit seed from the areca palm, is considered the fourth most widely used psychoactive substance globally. Some digests also suggested that this use may have trapped prehistoric foragers in a 'vicious cycle'.

Right

25 rated outlets

  • Seven right-rated digests focused on the age of the discovery and the fact that humans were using drugs 25,000 years ago. Several reports stated that the oldest evidence of drug use has been found, dating back 25,000 years. The substance identified was betel nut, and some digests noted that this use predates farming. One digest mentioned that we were already using drugs 25,000 years ago, with traces of betel nut use visible on teeth from Indonesian remains. Another digest stated that people were intoxicated with a popular substance 25,000 years ago, with scientists finding evidence.

Questions about this coverage

How did the left and right cover Evidence of 25,000-year-old drug use found in Indonesia?
Of the 78 outlets on this story carrying a published leaning rating, 27% are rated left, 40% are rated centre, 33% are rated right. Those percentages are shares of the rated outlets, not of every outlet that ran it, which was 136. The sections above set out what each side emphasised, in its own terms.
Is Evidence of 25,000-year-old drug use found in Indonesia left or right?
Neither side dominates it. Of the 78 rated outlets on this story, 27% are rated left, 40% are rated centre, 33% are rated right, and no side holds the 70% this site would want before calling a field one-sided. A story is not left or right in any case; the outlets that carried it are what carry ratings.
Is the coverage of Evidence of 25,000-year-old drug use found in Indonesia biased?
Evidence of 25,000-year-old drug use found in Indonesia is one event reported by 136 outlets, and this page does not rate the story as biased or unbiased. What it publishes is the spread: which outlets ran it, where named rating organisations place each of them on the spectrum, and what each side chose to lead with. A leaning rating describes an outlet's record over time, not this article, and the two should not be run together.
Which outlets covered Evidence of 25,000-year-old drug use found in Indonesia?
136 that we know of, every one of them listed further up this page with a link to its own report and to what we hold on the publisher. Nothing here is a summary of somebody else's summary: the outlets are named so the original reporting can be read.
How old is the evidence of drug use found in Indonesia?
Researchers have found evidence of habitual drug use in prehistoric human remains from Indonesia that dates back approximately 25,000 years. This predates agriculture and suggests humans may have been using psychoactive substances much earlier than previously believed.
What substance is linked to the prehistoric drug use?
The drug use found in prehistoric human remains from Indonesia is linked to the consumption of betel nuts. This substance is known to have psychoactive effects.
What is the significance of this discovery?
The discovery of 25,000-year-old evidence of drug use in Indonesia is significant because it suggests that humans may have been using psychoactive substances much earlier than previously understood, predating agriculture and other major developments in human history.

Read it at the source

136 outlets, grouped by the leaning a published rating gives them. Every headline links to the original; an underlined outlet name opens our profile of that publisher.

Left

21
Show 13 more

Centre

32
Show 24 more

Right

25
Show 17 more

Not rated

58
Show 50 more

How did this read?

About the coverage, not about the story. We do not ask whether you agree with what happened — we have no honest use for that answer.

25,000-year-old drug use in Indonesia | MediaBias News